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Attribution & Citation

sub verbo (s.v.)

'Under the word' — the way to cite an alphabetically organised reference work.

s.v. abbreviates sub verbo, 'under the word' (plural s.vv., sub verbis). It is used to cite dictionaries, encyclopaedias, and other alphabetically arranged works by headword rather than by page: 'OED, s.v. "quotation"'.

The convention exists because alphabetical works are stable by entry and unstable by page. Editions repaginate; the headword does not move. In online reference works, where pagination does not exist at all, s.v. is now the only workable locator.

Chicago style asks for the headword in quotation marks after s.v., and for an access date when citing a continuously revised online dictionary, since entries are updated between visits.

Common mistake: giving a page number instead of the headword for a dictionary entry. It will not survive the next edition, and it tells a reader searching a database nothing.

Example
Oxford English Dictionary, s.v. "aphorism (n.)", accessed March 2025.
Chicago-style reference citation · Headword plus access date — the two locators that remain valid across revisions.
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