ExergasiaExergasia — illustrated emblem for the Mr. B Quotes glossary, category Rhetoric & Figures of SpeechERHETORIC & FIGURES OF SPEECH
Rhetoric & Figures of Speech

Exergasia

Repeating one idea in a series of differently worded statements to work it thoroughly.

Exergasia (Greek, 'working out') restates a single thought several times in varied language. Each restatement is complete in itself; together they polish the idea from several sides without adding new content.

It is closely related to expolitio and commoratio, and the Renaissance handbooks are not consistent about the boundaries. What all three share is the principle that emphasis can come from dwelling rather than from raising the voice.

Hebrew poetry is the great source of examples, because parallelism is its basic structural unit — the second line of a couplet typically restates the first in new terms.

Common mistake: mistaking padding for exergasia. Each restatement must sharpen or shift the angle; three sentences that say the same thing identically are simply repetitive.

Example
Wash me thoroughly from mine iniquity, and cleanse me from my sin.
Psalm 51:2, King James Version · One petition, twice stated in different words — parallelism functioning as exergasia.
Related terms

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